The Role of Music in Religion - 1395 Words

Music is a powerful thing. It evokes feelings and has the power to bring people together. Music plays an important part in all our lives. It is very difficult to imagine our world without it. We choose the music we listen to in our personal lives, but are subject to music in different environments. Music plays in restaruants, stores, when we are on hold, it also plays a very important part in movies and tv programs. Music communicates emotion and thought when we are at loss for words. It plays an integral role in the spiritual and emotional well being of our lives. Music is a constant companion in our lives. What is the role of music in religions? In most religions, music has an uplifting effect designed to help its performers and listeners achieve union with their higher power, music has an exceptional role in Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Dogon religion. What is music? The ancient Greeks understood music to be something related to tie every structure to the universe. The â€Å" music of the spheres† was originally thought to be the sounds of the concentric spheres of the universe rubbed against each other, and music was created. Music is a very important part of Christian worship and celebration. Music unites the congregation so that God is worshipped with one voice. A variety of music is used in Christian worship including hymms, gospel songs, psalms, contemporary music, and instrumental music all of which are played for meditation and reflection. Since the beginning,Show MoreRelatedMusic And Community : Native American Music1199 Words   |  5 PagesCALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY Northridge Music and Community: Native American Music A paper submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for MUS 309, Lecturer: â€Å"Gee† Rabe By Abhimanyu Ranjit Lalchandani Spring 2015 Introduction This paper will demonstrate the various analysis of the Native America music and some details about history of Native American Music and themes which represents the religion and music. It also gives importance’s to the music which are used based on the eventsRead MoreImpact Of Greek Culture710 Words   |  3 Pages Greek culture, in my opinion, contributed the most to the development of other future civilizations culture. They paved the way to what is known about Greek and their culture as of today. With the idea of their Religion, Art, Worship of many Gods, and ancient Greek music being the focal point of it all. Which happens to be a great deal of the reason I chose Greek culture as my answer. Majority of the time when you discuss Greece you bring up their past or how Greece came about and the impact pastRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On A Desert Island848 Words   |  4 PagesI can think things through. For many people, music would be their soothing factor. However, if I were stranded on a desert island, I would not be calmed by music. Until this day, I have not created an emotional connection with music. It has never played a major role in my life and most likely never will. Therefore, if I were stranded on a desert island, music would be of no significance to me. A major reason for why music does not play a role in my life and would be of no benefit to me ifRead MoreThe Between Religion And Music Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesMusic and religion are often intertwined, whether it be religious chanting or hymns used to worship. However, in the case of Islam, the relationship between religion and music is more strained, as Islamic law strictly forbids listening to music. However, there is a very strong religious debate on what constitutes music as diversion and what is acceptable to use in worship and religious purposes. There are two concepts in Islam which are relevant to this conversation: sama and ghina. The ghinaRead MoreMusic and Its Functions and Roles1625 Words   |  7 PagesMusic and its Functions and Roles Music has always been an integral part of human civilization. It is what binds individuals to their culture, people to their country. From the majestic stories of India to the concert halls of Vienna to the radio station playing mariachi music here in LA, music pervades our lives. Since our beginnings, music has accompanied rituals and ceremonies, and as time passed, began to fill other roles in religion, society, education, and entertainment. Within these differentRead MoreIndia Is A Western Country Near Asia1457 Words   |  6 PagesIndia is a western country near Asia. India is the seventh largest country there is and second for the population of people who inherit this beautiful country. There are many different religions native to this country as well as many different types of music. The country of India has history dating back thousands of years, and the culture that is placed here is still Indian. Most of Indian culture has been preserved throughout the centuries, with only slight variations coming from other culturesRead Morescientific study religion in society1520 Words   |  7 Pagesscientific study religion in society. This course can be seen as an example of a scientific study of religion due to the fact that throughout this course we have examined the study of religion as social scientists examining different aspects of culture value and beliefs. The critical analysis of different religions within society is an objective scientific study that provides insight onto other cultures globally. 2. Apply Chidester’s theory that pop culture can do the work of religion (from the â€Å"ChurchRead MoreHumanities And Discuss The Role Of Role1468 Words   |  6 Pagesand discuss the role they play in your life. Stanford humanities center defined the humanities as the study of how people process and document the human experience (Stanford Humanities). In order to understand our world, humans use philosophy, literature, religion, art and music. The knowledge of recording these human experiences gives us an opportunity to focus on our similarities and differences, and also to learn important life’s lesson. The textbook states that through arts, music, literature etcRead MoreThe Anatomy Of Religion By Anthony Wallace1378 Words   |  6 Pages In his article â€Å"The Anatomy of Religion†, Anthony Wallace discussed how certain behavior can be considered as religious behavior. In this article, he named thirteen different behavior that are religious. While not all the thirteen behavior are going to be observed in every religion, but it is certain that many of them will be observed in every religion. It is also important to note that some of these behaviors are more obvious in certain religions. For example, one of the behavior is sacrificeRead MoreAnalysis Of Bertrand Russells What I Have Lived For805 Words   |  4 Pagesthings to me that I am more passionate about. Love is the most relatable one because I feel like without it people can get unstable. Bearing what the author says I have organized my three passions of life16. My three main passions in life are love, religion, and creativity.1 First theres the passion for love. Bertrand talks about how love brings you ecstasy, for me it’s a bit different. It’s hard to explain love unless you don’t have love. To me love brings warmth to your heart. My family11 is a

The Vietnam War A Very Interesting Topic - 1188 Words

The Vietnam War is a very interesting topic. Even today, it’s legacy still goes on. The Vietnam War has greatly impacted not only Vietnam, but also the rest of the world — the West in particular. The reason for conflict in Vietnam could be described as â€Å"the straw that broke the camel’s back†. Since the late 19th century, French had been colonizing Vietnam as part of their quest to take over Indochina for its vast amount of resources. Following World War I, a group of Vietnam nationalists gathered in Paris. They petitioned at Versailles for Vietnam’s independence, but were virtually ignored. One of these nationalists would go on to play a huge role in Vietnam’s future— Ho Chi Minh. Ho Chi Minh later went on to Moscow to study the ideologies of Communism. During World War II, France had fallen to Germany’s forces. Because of Germany’s alliance to Japan, this allowed Japan to occupy Vietnam. At the same time, Ho Chi Minh had returned to Vietnam to force the Viet Minh or the League for the Independence of Vietnam as it was also called. The Viet Minh had seen many conflicts with Japanese forces. In 1945, Japan withdrew from Vietnam and left France to take control of the now independent Vietnam. France’s re-arrival was not taken lightly as the Viet Minh immediately seized control of the city of Hanoi. The Viet Minh forces quickly rose to power as Ho Chi Minh formed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in what was now considered North Vietnam. France had been left seeking to regainShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the Fog of War: Eleven Lessons by Robert S. Mcnamara1156 Words   |  5 PagesFog of War Eleven Lessons by Robert S. McNamara was in so much as a great representation of the life of Robert S. McNamara. It showed his life to be dramatic and traumatic in many different ways. The lessons he learned and shared during the documentary movie were truly astounding to me. I personally thought the movie was a tad bit on the boring side, but it was a documentary after all. The Fog of War was a very informative piece of work. During Errol Morris s documentary, The Fog of War, ElevenRead MoreThe Things They Carried Questions1139 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Things They Carried† Questions a) The main topic of this novel is burdens. O’Brien is writing about what burdens the soldiers and he had to carry throughout war, physically and emotionally. One way I know is because of the title- â€Å"The Things They Carried.† This title almost summarizes the whole book. O’Brien frequently showed and explained the burdens that were inner conflicts of his and outer conflicts too. In the chapter â€Å"The things They Carried,† O’Brien showed an emotional burdenRead MoreLittle Bit ( Mis ) Judged1472 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most overrated. Lyndon B. Johnson, the 36th President of the United States, arguably had an impactful presidency, but he was also a very overrated one. His domestic policy looks good because he addressed the Civil Rights at the right time, but at the same time his War on Poverty left unanswered problems. His foreign affair was dominated by the horrid Vietnam War, but he also played a part for the CIA-supported coup d†™etats that resulted in deaths of thousands of innocent people all over the worldRead MoreEssay on Between Two Fires: A Review947 Words   |  4 Pages David Clay Large, Between Two Fires: Europes Path in the 1930s (New York: W.W. Norton amp; Company, 1990). David Clay Large wrote an interesting account of the situation in Europe during the 1930s. His account was interesting for three reasons that will be discussed throughout this review. Firstly, his purpose was clear and he managed to follow it throughout the book. Secondly, his organizational structure was logical, appropriate and well designed. Finally, his innovative approach to aRead MoreA Renewed Sense Of Hopelessness : American Sentiment Following The Vietnam War1395 Words   |  6 PagesFollowing the Vietnam War.† Since I’m interested in studying how film actively molded Americans’ interpretation of the Vietnam War, I picked Francis Ford Coppola’s film, Apocalypse Now, as my artifact. I thought that it would be a good choice because it’s one of the most well-known war films and it came out just a few years after the Vietnam War. This image from the beginning of the film shows napalm being dropped on the Vietnamese forest, setting everything on fire. - The Cold War began shortlyRead MoreThe Class : A Study On The Culture, History, Geography, And History Of Southeast Asia1464 Words   |  6 Pagesreligions, political systems, geography, and history of Southeast Asia. This class was beneficial to me for many reasons. With this portfolio essay I will discuss what I learned in the class, then I will draw my on reflections an opinions about certain topics we discussed during the class. This will be based upon the question posted on the discussion board, videos and audio broadcasts, reading materials, and also any outside materials that I have learned. There were a number of things that changed forRead MoreThe Sorrow of War: Book Review998 Words   |  4 PagesThe experience of war brings out the moralities of war and the tragedies of loss and death. Bao Ninh portrays these realizations and tragedies throughout his novel The Sorrow of War. The stories told follow the central character Kien whose story shows the moralities of war and tragedies of loss and death. Bao Ninh’s The Sorrow of War is a novel depicts the horrors that are a result of war. Kien is the main character whose life is used to depict these horrors; a soldier who’s lost all his comradesRead MoreWas the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki the only way to put an end to World War 2?716 Words   |  3 Pages1. â€Å"Was the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki the only way to put an end to World War 2?† 2. â€Å"Were the bombings worth all the innocent (civilian) lives lost?† The following topic was chosen because it was very moving and interesting, as well as wanting to know about how the war (WWII) came to an end, some internet research was done in order to get to the bottom of how WWII ended thus the topic was decided. Then devastation set in followed by shock, meaning that it couldn’t be understood as to whyRead MoreThe United States Military History1570 Words   |  7 Pageswe talked about several different topics that are very pertinent to the shaping’s of today’s military. They are mainly important whether the individual serve in the United States Army, United States Air Forces, United States Navy, or United States Marine Corps. History is the study of the past. Studying may not be interesting to some, but if you do not understand your history, you will be liable to repeating some of the same mistakes made in the past. So it is very important to try and understand aRead MoreThe Vietnam War And The Military Interventions1643 Wo rds   |  7 PagesNapoleon’s mistake in Russia, and the United States from their repeated errors in Afghanistan and Vietnam. Unfortunately history isn’t the most interesting genre people seek when learning. Today movies have made it possible to transmit a narrative about an historical event in a more direct and personal way than books. Two historical moments that have acquired attention in both theater and literature are the Vietnam War and the military interventions in the Middle East post 9/11. The way these conflicts are

Workers During The 1900s S - 1682 Words

Workers in the 1870s to 1930s Throughout history many people, such as politicians, officials, and generals, have been noted to have molded the United States, neglecting the fact that workers have also played an important role in shaping this nation’s history. During the 1870s to the 1930s, laborers faced many hardships; they had trouble keeping their jobs, had their wages decreased, and were forced to work sixty-hour weeks without insurance. Over time, workers began to feel aggravated by their employers’ demands and began to voice their opinions. Only by forming into unions and standing up to what employers’ thought was â€Å"freedom† in the workplace were the laborers able to change working conditions more favorable for them. Early in the†¦show more content†¦Eventually the workers began to protest. They went on strikes, formed unions, and even used violence against the employers. One of the unions called the Knights of Labor, founded in the 186 9, fought for eight-hour workdays and wage equality among male, female, black, and white workers. They participated in many strikes, boycotts, and other activities protesting for workplace freedom. Another labor union was the American Federation of Labor founded in 1881 consisting of mostly skilled workers. Formed in 1903, the International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union and Women’s Trade Union League also played a role in aiding workers, specifically female laborers, to gain work rights. These labor movements played significant roles in history because they influenced or forced employers to make changes in the workplace. One of the key issues that workers were fighting for was wages. During the 1870s to 1920s, employers often lowered the workers’ wages. For example, when the legislature of Massachusetts enacted a fifty-four hour working limit per week, employers decided to lower the wages. During the first national labor walkout, laborers protested against employers decreasing their wages; this event became known as the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. An example of a successful strike was in New Orleans of 1907, 10,000 dockworkers were able to stop employers from reducing their wages. In 1912, the Industrial Workers of the World and other workers went on strike

Data management on wilmington university Free Essays

Student database management model provides information on student’s course schedule and their basic information. Course schedule like their major and minor names, courses Ames, course id, instructor names, day, time, room number, credits per course and student details like student name, addresses, contact number, date of birth, student id. Before this data is stored is books and printed on paper. We will write a custom essay sample on Data management on wilmington university or any similar topic only for you Order Now If there is a change in schedule or exam It would be difficult to reach about this to the students. Now it is easy store and change information by this we can save time and paper. After the registration the course information is directly stored in the database. Now if we want to view course schedule we can simply go to database of the university and check it out and change in schedule can directly reached to mobile by text message. This is very easy model to use and we will get current data and will be secure. Therefore my design mainly focuses on 2 different users: 1) Student 2) administrator Background: Wilmington university is a fast growing private non-profit university in u,s. For the convenience of students they added student schedule and exam details to the blackboard and when there is change in the class room, date and time it will informed through text messaging immediately when uploaded in the student database. The main aim of this is that the make a message regarding he class as possible for student convenience. Background Information: upholding an effective system can be done by using good software and hardware requirements specifications that provide the following: System Needs user – Accessible Sec re Scalability Compatible with other systems Hold large information of student data Database expansion and maintenance. Secure backup and recovery Facilitate resource sharing through the internet all over the university Business Goals: Increase the ability of storing data and make it available to users. Provides data to the user in seconds. It should be helpful to the management to get information to get data of the registered student profiles. Easy to inform the attendance of students and those who are get promoted to next semester. Easy to inform the students about the alerts of the class schedule via text message User Requirements: Data of the student should be made available and be stored within 3 seconds. The system should be accessible for 24 hours. The system should have the capacity to hold 80,000 customer records at any time. The system should have the capacity to add 1 00,000 records a year for 10 years. The system should send Text messages to all students in database. Data Model For this model I am relational database model through which entities, attributes and relations can expressed Data requirements Student Details: Student name, Student ID, USN number, Address, Phone Number, Date of Birth, Sex. Department details: Department Name, Department code, College, office Number Course Details: Course old. Course Name, Course level Attendance: Total classes, No. Of classes present, No Of classes absent, Student ID Exam type: Midterm exams, Final exams, Weekly Quiz, Exam ID Text message: phone number, reason for delay, time of class, date of class, addresses of the class Schedule: Student ID, Course ID, Course name, class room no, Date, Time Supports Data Management for finding: Student data in each Department Internal Average Marks Scored of a student. Attendance Shortage of pupil. Text message to each student Exam Result of student. Report Requirements: 1. User feedback report. 2. Individual or Group Attendance Report. 3. Student wise Examination Report. 4. Student Detail. 5. Text message sent report 6. Examination time-table for different examinations. How to cite Data management on wilmington university, Essays

Accident Analysis Eastern Flight 401 free essay sample

In December 29, 1972, on a cold winter evening, a new Lockheed L-1011 Tristar, the Eastern Airlines number 310, Flight 401 left John F. Kennedy International Airport’s Terminal One bound for Miami. It crashed on final approach, killing 103 of the 153 onboard. I would like to provide an insight of the accident, focusing on the human errors that contributed to the disastrous incident. Al though the Captain, Co-pilot, and Flight engineer were very much experienced and distinguished in their fields, and knowledgeable with the technicalities of aviation, every bit of their expertise was doomed with their collective reaction to a very minor malfunctioning of a very minor part of the aircraft – a faulty light bulb. The chain of errors started with the unlit nose gear indicator light. This has led to manifest the crew’s under utilization and mismanagement of the resources available on the plane, and the Miami ATC’s seeming lack of effective protocol in giving warning signals. We will write a custom essay sample on Accident Analysis Eastern Flight 401 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page First, the crew focused their attention to the faulty light bulb. While they attempted to repair it, they had neglected to monitor other flight instruments at the control surface altimeters, vertical speed indicator, and most importantly, the low altitude warning alarm while the plane descended 200 feet per minute. Thus, their preoccupation with the indicator light blinded them of the other instruments just within their reach. Second is that the Captain wasn’t able to facilitate and organize the crew’s effective communication in the cockpit as he also missed to effectively delegate authority over the other crew members.   His command to the flight engineer to go to the hell hole to visually check if the nose gear was down, was delayed. This happened because the Captain was also preoccupied with supporting functions such as radio communication. If EF 401 Crash 3 only he was able to be firmly in command, it could not have happened that three crew members were focused on doing a single task. Lastly, the ATC, which was responsible for external monitoring should have given a sterner warning to the aircraft. In addition to this, its personnel could have politely given suggestions and/or reminders to the crew, as they (ATC) are also aware of the resources available in the plane. The professional authority of the Captain and his crew may have deterred the ATC in doing so, but ethically speaking, the welfare of the passengers should be their utmost concern. This accident was fully preventable. If only the backup system of checking the wheel was successful, if the crew knew their fundamentals in resource utilization by heart, and if only a pilot was clearly in command and was focused in monitoring and flying the aircraft, 103 lives could have been spared. This accident is a lesson for other crews as well. The crew of the Eastern Flight 401 were experienced, skillful, and knowledgeable. However, they experienced a chain of errors, which was aggravated by apparent lack of monitoring and authority, effective communication, and resource management skills in time of adversity. Moreover, the disengagement of the autopilot system reminds us that we, humans become complacent with the efficiency of automation. We cease to monitor its function. We depend and trust too much on it. But when it fails, we face the consequences, even if lives are at stake. Thus, this accident reminds us that we should handle and utilize automation responsibly. We should not cease to figure out its limitations and behavior in varying situations.   References The Crash of Eastern Air Lines Flight 401, from http://eastern401.googlepages.com Elder, R., et al. (1997). Crash. Atheneum, New York Kilroy, Chris. Special Report: Eastern Air Lines Flight 401  from http://www.airdisaster.com Crash of Eastern Airlines Flight 401 from http://www.freshgasflow.com/flight401.htm

Christian Rap vs. Mainstream Rap free essay sample

If you the Listener actually listened to the lyrics you would change your mind. Christian rap does spread the word of god but it also express how to be yourself. Most songs encourage young people to do better and make a change to their Life and others. Lyrics such as in the song Make War Dashiki raps, Im filled with the Spirit so tell them dog this is pay back/ as you begin to copy the carbon copies of Christ/ and conform to His written image you should be shinning a light/ if you not, why is that? He summarizes Romans 8:29 which delves into a Christian believer adopting all he traits of Jesus Christ.Lyrics of Christian rap songs are filled with good incentives and positive lyrics. In the song Jesus Music Electra says everywhere I go people caught up in thyself money cars and clothes. They talk about it all the time and put it in they songs. Lyrics such as in the song Make War Dashiki raps, Im filled with the Spirit so tell them dog this is pay back/ as you begin to copy the carbon copies of Christ/ and conform to His written image you should be shinning a light/ if you not, why Is that? He summarizes Romans 8:29 which delves onto a Christian believer adopting all the traits of Jesus Christ.Lyrics of Christian rap songs are filled with good incentives and positive lyrics. In the song Jesus Music Electra says everywhere I go people caught up in thyself money cars and clothes. They talk about it all the time and put it in they songs. They drive around and play it loud like it anti nothing wrong . And all they talk about is sinful stuff, got everybody acting bad thinking that they a thug. By this he Is expressing how corrupt mainstream rap Is, Mainstream rap teaches their listeners how to acts and what to wear.Flame says in Joyful Noise, The light is where Im running I thought I wanted life, drunk, sexed out and blunted But all I really wanted was the One who really won outfought death, beat it gave His life to the public. Flame used to be surrounded by mainstream Influences but he found god and now knows who he should follow. People must overcome the Iron claw that mainstream rap has on them. Electra lets the world know In his song Soiled out. He says we must not be ashamed of ourselves and to be yourself. Man I consider my life until. If I could just finish the race. D complete the job the. Lord Jesus gave me. Live to tell the world his message. Romans 1:16 Im not Ashamed. I Anti Ashamed. . Sometimes faith may be evident in part of a song or other times an entire song or album may focus on Christian beliefs. Mainstream Raps lyrics are much different then Christian Rap. While Christian Rap talks about god and being yourself, Mainstream Rap express their music trough talking about drugs, sex, and violence. These lyrics are broadcasted all over the world showing their listeners that doing those bad things are the right thing to do.Most listeners to mainstream usually dont take the time to understand what they are listening to. They block out all he profanity and enjoy the beat of the music. When you take the time to understand what the songs actually mean you may be discouraged to listen to the song again. Lyrics from Oil Wayne In the song lollipop SSH-she licked me like a lollipop. When we look at specific words such as licked and lollipop it suddenly pops out what they are trying to get across. This is not alright for the radio but it sounds good so it ends up getting played. When he says Shasta Anna thug. Tootles in the club. Shasta want hump and oho I like to touch yea lovely lady lumps. there are so many ad messages getting embedded in your head. Mainstream is filled with explicit language and images. The song Shots by LLAMA encourages drink If you not drunk ladies and gentlemen Get ready to get **** up Lets do it ha, ha and If you anti getting drunk get the **** out the club. If you anti taking shots get the **** out the club. If you anti come to party get the **** out the club. Now where my alcoholics let me see you hands up. Most listeners are in the age f 13 to 24.This is telling children that it is okay to drink. Under age drinking is extremely dangerous . A widespread theme throughout most mainstream rap is a desire for wealth; this wish is part of the American dream, and thus reflects the desires of popular American culture. The constant bombardment of American youths with stereotypes has likely had a negative effect on them. It is common among youths to try and replicate the messages seen in rap videos; this is not surprising. Where we shop and eat even the types of homes we buy are dictated by what we hear the celebrities re doing.That is a powerful influence over an individual. Due to the fact that mainstream rap appeals to the thirteen to eighteen year old audiences and the artists performing come from very similar backgrounds of the listeners, rap music is able to control the way that youth think. The new generation of rappers is taking the lyrics of rap music more literally. Without the youth being able to distinguish fantasy from reality rap music has turned the youth more violent, disrespectful and it is teaching them to stand on the block and hustle or even kill someone over a minor agreement.Rap music has control of the 12-19 year old crowd more than the parents in the household. It is popular because it speaks to a generation that can/ wants to identify with what the artist is saying. The youth are taking someone elses experiences and making it their own Just for the sake of being cool or being accepted by others. Some people say the Christian rap industry is a business. These people sell records to save souls. So if we look at, it would seem as if Christian rappers are getting commission for every soul saved.Most Christian rappers arent in this business for the money they Just get paid for what they do Just like any other Job. A pastor gets paid to preach every Sunday why would it be any different for a Christian rapper selling Cads. Christian rappers have a positive effect on their listeners. The lyrics promote well being and the word of god. Youth that listen to Christian rap are better off then ones that listen to mainstream rap. Instead of being bombarded by bad incentives they are taught how to be a true follower of Christ and no fall too rower level.These two styles of rap are similar but opposites at the same time. They tempo and beats of the songs are very similar. They have the same basis of how they sound, the thing that makes these to styles different is the lyrics they use in their songs. Mainstream uses profanity while Christian rap uses the words of god. Even though on the radio embedding everything they say into the youths heads and morals. Mainstream should be endorsing lyrics that makes the youth of our nation more well off then filling them with bad images and words.

Second Life an Example by

Second Life Much has been written and spoken of regarding Second Life the Internet based virtual world founded, developed and managed by San Francisco-based Linden Research, Inc. (colloquially referred to as Linden Labs). Although Second Life has been around since 2003, it was not until late 2006 that it came to pop consciousness via coverage in mainstream news media. Second Life allows its participants to interact in a virtual environment that is not unlike the real world, except without many of the physical limitations the latter entails. Need essay sample on "Second Life" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Participants, referred to in-world as "Residents" (rather than members or users) because they have a stake in the world and how it grows. This supposition holds true given the fact that most of the content in Second Life is user-created rather than developed by Linden Labs. After the unceremonious act of registering an account and downloading the client software, your avatar -a 3-D graphical representation of one's self in the world - is introduced to the world via Orientation Island, where Residents learn the basics of communicating, traveling and interacting with objects and people. It took me some time getting used to this since the interface is rather unwieldy and cumbersome. Although movement controls are comfortably identical to those used in action games and some MMORPGs, many of the controls, such as those used for traveling, locating groups and accessing the inventory resemble an office application. Immediately after, Residents get transported to Help Island, where volunteer Residents help new ones with acclimatizing themselves to the world with tips and a freebie store provides Residents with their first taste of "content" such as scripts and clothes. Second Life's in-world geography can be divided into: Islands - small, independent "land" masses that are usually controlled by a private Resident or perhaps a real-world company looking to establish a presence in the game world. Mainland - the core continent of Second Life which is owned by Linden Lab and frequently populated by its own employees. Estates - a collection of regions that are privately owned in nature. Frequently these estates are governed by a single code of conduct, and may or may not be themed in nature. Although Second Life is frequently referred to by some as a "game", the fact that it lacks any clear cut goals, objectives or any other competitive aspects contradicts such a notion. Where MMORPGs (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games) such as World of Warcraft and Ultima Online encourage players to develop abstracted skills and experience points by baking bread and fighting monsters, any competitive drives in Second Life are largely self-imposed due to the emergent social nature of the world. Almost everyone I spoke to seemed to make their claim in such a manner: locating an emergent social need and finding a way to fulfill it, or discovering something that can be done within the world that somehow accrues the Resident some status. Some make their stake by contributing to the content available in the world by sharing and trading objects and skins. Since I have absolutely no skills whatsoever with regards to coding or texture editing, I was completely unable to ingratiate myself within the "local" culture in such a manner. Although there is none of the traditional material limitations that object creation would have in a real world, the creation of these objects (and scripts) has effectively given Second Life an economy. The question of whether the economy is a real and sustainable one is a central question among academics and business publications fascinated by it. Created objects are tradeable commodities that have given the best object-makers some amount of status. When an object is well made, it becomes desirable and that desire/demand lends it some kind of value. Because of the frequently reported financial gains some Residents have made in trading digital commodities, particularly (un)real estate, there are many who hold similar aspirations of buying, developing and selling such virtual property. They do so by purchasing land -in real-world terms, dedicated CPU resources - from Linden Lab and using it to develop the value of such virtual spaces in order to be sold off to another party for a profit. Prior to signing up, I distinctly remember reading about Anse Chung, With all that said, Second Life basically operates as a social space where pretty much most of the social activities that one engages with "in the real world" have been approximated by users within its space. Some have taken to piping in music and video to create virtual concerts and virtual film screenings and other such virtual events, including but not limited to: charities, fund-raising, beauty pageants, education, seminars, contests and even sports. On a weekday, such an experience is reasonably enjoyable, but on weekends, server load issues can cause such events are ridden with lag, if they haven't already bogged down to a stand still. There is also a lot of sex in Second Life. Granted, it's no pervert utopia, but it is telling when a vast number of Residents I observed seemed preoccupied with flirting with avatars of the opposite sex. A lot of this involves chat-sex and Skype-sex. Another part of this involves dressing in a provocative style or using in-game gestures or user-scripted ones to approximate the movements of sex. At first, I found this odd because avatars in the nude have no gentialia. Upon further inquiry, I found out that you can buy them (I didn"t as I had no money). I'm certain that prudish hearts are thankful that sexual behavior and other similar acts of a graphic nature are forbidden outside of private areas. Other users with a more fantastical taste use Second Life to engage in role-playing sessions or create digital play areas for a various number of subcultures. I initially joined a group for the television program Jericho, but almost nothing was happening there. But a quick look at the group search function shows that just about any subculture is being represented within the world (and in the cases of those that don't, very well have the potential to be represented). For example, some Residents have modified their avatars from their default human appearance to look more androgynous, or sometimes non-human, as is the case with those who fantasize about having sex as anthropomorphic animals. Others use Second Life to re-enact popular worlds from science fiction and fantasy, or recreate historical periods from the past. Entire lands are devoted to a recreation of medieval Europe or Shogun-era Japan, while others focus on Star Trek and Dune. Generally speaking, Second Life is a whole lot friendlier than other virtual worlds. While MMORPGs tend to attract power-hungry individuals who like to make lives difficult for others, Second Life's power dynamic is built entirely on socialization. Any potential mischief made by others tends to be short-lived, and attempts to maintain such misbehavior quickly results in being effectively ostracized by the community. There just isn't much of a long-term career to be had at being a trouble Resident. Linden Labs makes their principles of etiquette pretty clear cut from the very beginning. During installation of the client software, they present six guidelines for the community"s standards, ominously referred to as the "Big Six". They are: 1) intolerance 2) harassment 3) assault 4) disclosure (of privacy) 5) indecency 6) disturbing the peace. From my experience, Residents are just as well behaved as the Big Six community standards expect them to be. But more than one Resident has implied that Linden Lab is not absolutely consistent in how they enforce these standards, and it is usually the Residents themselves who have to come up with clever ways to police others. Second Life most definitely provides a fascinating case study for emergent social behavior among humans since it recontextualizes most of that behavior into an environment that is still quite similar to the real world, but devoid of most of the tangible limitations of it. In fact, the only real problem that Second Life may suffer from is that its Residents can shape the world in any way they want it to be, something which can't be said for real life. Reference S.J.Watson "Second life" Toronto : Harpercollins Canada, 2017.

Jesus Zamarripa Essays - Hip Hop, Music, Gangsta Rappers, Dr. Dre

Jesus Zamarripa Ms. Wedemeyer ENG. 101.922 First Year Composition 26 June 2018 N.W.A Fuck The Police N.W.A was a rap group in the late 80's and early 90's. One of their hit songs was Fuck Tha Police, which was released in 1988 and till this day it's consider one of the most controversial songs of our times. The group was able to communicate their message to tell how people from Compton were mistreated and harassed by the police. The song became the anthem for activist fighting police brutality. The lyrics don't hold back the troubles that the urban community had with the L.A. police department. Its significant of the song came from the distrust and the hostile environment in this period of time. The members of the group were Dr. Dre, Ice Cube, MC Ren, and Easy-E. All which came from the same background and had the same experience these social issues with the police. The songs narrative is a mock court case which depicts "N.W.A vs The Police". In beginning the song starts With MC Ren saying "Right about now the court is in full effect" and Dr. Dre acts as the judge, asking Ice cube to tell his side of the story. In a line of the song Ice Cube depicts the police as simply different thugs giving the right to hold the authority, the line says "a punk motherfucker with a badge". Another line from Ice cube that shows the harassment from cops is "Fuck with me cause I'm a teenager with a little bit of gold and a pager searching my car, looking for the product. Thinking every nigga is selling narcotics". Those are examples of how people outside the community didn't know that cops weren't law abiding citizens. It shows how the police didn't understand the urban c ommunity and misused their power to try and control the streets. The song triggered some political controversy starting with the censorship of music and the first amendment rights. The lyrics are so offensive that the FBI had to issue a letter to the record company distributing the album saying that advocating violence against cops was wrong, blaming the song for people committing attacks on the police. The lyrics that made this letter happen are "Beat a police out of shape" and "Ice Cube will swarm on any motherfucker in a blue uniform, police are afraid of me" While many public figures spoke against the letter, N.W.A stayed quiet. One year later Ice cube made a comment saying "There is a lot of resentment of police because if you are black you get picked on. The song is a way to get out aggression". The song was written by Ice cube and produced by Dr. Dre. They used different samples to make the beat of the song. Some came from the instrumental break from Marva Whitney's "Its My Thing". Another one was from James Brown's "Funky Drummer". This different samples and the use of a DJ sets the tempo of the song, every time the song narrates the part when they are in court the tempo slows down. The historical context of the song came from decades that involved race related controversies starting in the 1960's with the involvement of cops shooting unarmed blacks and the aggressive approach from law enforcement. The song only raised tension between the police and the black community because of the aggressive content and the popularity of the song with the people. Throughout many of the groups concerts there was no security because the police would refuse to work for the group, until the concert in Detroit. The police department had asked for the song Fuck Tha Police not to be played, the group decided to take a stand for freedom of speech and started to play the song. This is when the group was chased out of the arena and then thrown in the police van. There's different sides of the what happened that night from newspapers and other media outlets but one thing they couldn't hide was the fact that the police in Detroit didn't seem to like the rap group that was speak ing against them. The song created a movement that till

Ottoman Period Constitutional Movements Essays -

Ottoman Period Constitutional Movements Constitutional Movements During the Ottoman Period Constitutional movements during the Ottoman period commenced towards the end of the 18th century. During the period of the 1789-1808, Sultan Selim the Third envisaged the formation of an advisory assembly, called the Meclis-i Meshveret, within the context of the New System (called the Nizam-i Cedid) that he wanted to have set up, which is seen as a major step towards a constitutional government system. The Sened-i Ittifak, or Charter of Alliance, is seen as the first important document from the point of view of a constitutional order. Whilst the 1808 charter restricted the Sultan's exercise of power, it also delegated some authorities to a senate body, called the Ayan. The charter is a significant document as it was also recognized by the Sultan. The Tanzimat Reform era commenced with the issue of the decree entitled Gulhane Hatt-i Humayun in 1839. The subjects of the Ottoman Padishah were assured that their basic rights would be respected. The documents is especially significant for its recognition of equal rights in education and in government administration for those of Christian persuasion, exemplifying egalitarian principles. The 1875 document entitled the Ferman-i Adalet, or the Imperial Edict on Justice, provided for independence of the judicial courts and ensured the safety of judges. The most important step along the road to the rule of law was made with the introduction of the 1876 Kanun-i Esasiye, or Constitution, which also started the period known as the First Meshrutiyet, or First Constitutional Period. The basic concept in the 1876 constitution is that, although somewhat restrictive in the exercise of powers, it nevertheless, for the first time, recognized a parliamentary system. This constitution has provisions covering basic rights and privileges, the independence of courts and the safety of judges, among other aspects. After the 1876 Constitution had been in effect for one year, the Second Meshrutiyet period laid the foundations of a parliamentary system by adopting the 1876 Constitution with some amendments made thereto. The Constitutional System During the War of Independence When the Turkish Grand National Assembly congregated on April 23, 1920, this in itself marked a unique and important change in the exercise of sovereignty. During the Ottoman reign, the workings of Parliament were to an extent, the use by delegation of the powers of the ruler in the legislative process. Whereas, in the case of the workings of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, all authority was vested in Parliament itself. The Constitution of January 20, 1921 is called the Constitution Law, and when compared with the Ottoman legal system contains a radically new concept. According to this concept, whilst the power to legislate belongs to parliament, the executive powers can only be exercised by an executive council to be elected by majority vote from among the members of Parliament. According to this Law of Constitution, differences of opinion and disagreements between ministers are to be resolved in Parliament. In addition to this, the changing of ministers is also counted among the powers of Parliament. The name of the government during the course of the war of independence was the Government of the Grand National Assembly and the name of the regular army The Army of the Grand National Assembly. On the other hand, the government itself was vested with the power to dissolve Parliament or to renew the election of the Assembly. In this system, which did not have a Head of State, the members of Independence Tribunals were also elected from among the members of the Assembly. An important step was taken to establish a Council of Ministers with more freedom of movement when a motion that the form of the state should be Republic was enacted on October 29, 1923; the President of the Republic was to be elected from among the members of the Assembly for one term of office. According to law, the President would select the Prime Minister from among the members of the Parliament. In turn the Prime Minister would select the other Ministers from among the members of Parliament and, finally, the President would submit the whole of the Council of Ministers for the approval of Parliament. The Republican Era Constitutions

5 Great Healthcare Jobs That Dont Need a Degree

5 Great Healthcare Jobs That Dont Need a Degree for some people, spending years (and many thousands of dollars) in school to become a doctor or a nurse is a great option. but that isn’t the only way to find a rewarding job in healthcare. there are plenty of job opportunities across the industry for people who don’t have a bachelor’s degree. here are five of the most lucrative occupations for healthcare professionals who took a different route into this ever-growing industry.1. ultrasound technicianultrasound techs operate important diagnostic equipment in hospitals and outpatient facilities. we’re all familiar with the image of a technician presenting soon-to-be parents  with a sonogram image of their baby (and identifying which black-and-white smudge on the screen is junior), but the role is actually much broader: helping doctors to diagnose and treat a variety of conditions. it’s pretty lucrative, too: the median salary is $66,410, with the field growing at a breakneck pace of 46% by 2022.2. occupational health and safety technicianthese occupational techs aren’t necessarily involved in patient care, but rather evaluating health and safety risks in places like offices and public areas. you may not see them, but they serve a very important public health need and perform tests and analysis to make sure we’re all safer in our workplaces. the median salary is $44,470, with average growth of 11% by 2022.3. licensed practical nurse (lpn)/licensed vocational nurse (lvn)lpns and lvns provide crucial nursing support to registered nurses and doctors. these roles typically require a training program, but not a four-year degree (as is the case for most registered nurses). lpns and lvns can also be found in a large range of environments, from hospitals to home care to eldercare facilities, opening many opportunities.the median salary is $41,450, with speedy growth of 25% expected by 2022.4. surgical technologistsurgical technologists perform an essential non-doctor fun ction in operating rooms: setting up equipment, making sure all necessary elements are in place, and assisting or doctors and nurses during procedures. with a median salary of $41,000 and growth of 30% expected, this field is a great bet for the future if you have incredible attention to detail and aren’t squeamish!5. dispensing opticiando you have a knack for knowing when glasses just look right on someone’s face? this field might be for you. dispensing opticians take glasses and contact lenses prescribed by an ophthalmologist and work with the patients to ensure proper fit and arrange follow up care. with a median salary of $33,330 and 23% growth predicted (thanks to all of us staring at small screens 24 hours a day), this is a patient care area you might not realize is under the healthcare career umbrella.it’s worth noting here that many (if not all) of these jobs may require special licensing or training programs, depending on your state’s rules. youà ¢â‚¬â„¢ll want to do some research legwork before committing to any of these paths- but these occupations are a great way to get your foot in the door in one of the fastest-growing industries in the country.

Reflection Paper About the Speech of Martin Luther King, Jr. I Have a Dream Delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C. Essays

Reflection Paper About the Speech of Martin Luther King, Jr. I Have a Dream Delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C. Essays Reflection Paper About the Speech of Martin Luther King, Jr. I Have a Dream Delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C. Paper Reflection Paper About the Speech of Martin Luther King, Jr. I Have a Dream Delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C. Paper Reflection Paper about the speech of Martin Luther King, Jr. I Have a Dream delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D. C. I Have a Dream is extremely emotional, a hopeful vision of the future of race in this country. King recognized that the March, with an attending crowd of over 200,000 as well as a national television audience, would be the perfect opportunity to gain support for the civil rights movement. He intended to persuade his audience of the justice of the cause, encourage them to not abandon hope, and warn them that in the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of illegal deeds, declaring his belief that nothing positive is accomplished through violence King. He designed his speech with those goals in mind. Kings understanding of the size and composition of his audience determined the rhetorical choices he made while composing his speech. It is important to understand that while hoping to influence the attitudes of an entire nation, King was primarily addressing a black audience. He spoke of generations of injustice, and referring to the recent increase in violence, stressed the importance of remaining non-violent. He warned against an attitude of distrust toward our white brothers who have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom as evidenced by their presence here today. He is obviously speaking directly to black Americans. Because of this focus, King made rhetorical choices he knew would be familiar to a black audience with a shared cultural background. Those choices have proven powerful to people of all races, but they were selected with a black American audience in mind. The reasons for Kings rhetorical choices are frequently attributed to their special impact on black Americans, but it should be worried that the effectiveness of these choices crossed all racial boundaries. King knew an emotional speech would have greater impact upon a large, outdoor crowd. He presented a beautiful and compelling vision of equality that inspired the crowd, expanded his national audience and ensured their attention to future messages. He wanted to reach the masses and did so. To inspire the crowd, to instill his speech with an emotional and spiritual quality, King utilized the delivery style of the black folk pulpit of which he was master. King, a master stylist, used a variety of rhetorical techniques in his speech. I Have a Dream needed to touch a wide range of people: people from different geographical locations, with different education backgrounds, of different color. King anticipated the importance of the March, knew he had a real opportunity to be heard by millions. He recognized the difficult demographics of the situation. The audience would be enormous and distractions would be inevitable in the wide open outdoor location. He also understood that the patience of black Americans was too sorely tried: black Americans would no longer be pacified with mere promises. And while understanding their frustration, King passionately wanted to convince the crowd to pursue their cause without violence. Because he understood of all of this, King chose not to focus on detail, not to focus on strategy. He appealed to the crowds higher emotions of spirituality and patriotism. God was on their side, their struggle would be rewarded. Currently, â€Å"I Have a Dream† is still considered a deep work studied in both literature and speech classes. â€Å"I Have a Dream† is a masterpiece which describes, with wisdom and compassion, a peoples long struggle for equality.

Edible Glowing Blood Slime

Edible Glowing Blood Slime What couldnt Halloween costume or party benefit from some blood slime? This particular slime is also edible, non-sticky and glows blue-white under a black light. Its easy to make! Glowing Blood Slime Materials 1 teaspoon soluble fiber (e.g., Metamucil)8 ounces (1 cup) diet tonic water red food coloring Make the Slime! Stir the fiber into the tonic water.Add a drop or two of food coloring. The slime gets darker during preparation, so dont add too much food coloring.Heat the liquid in a microwave-safe container until it boils. Depending on your microwave power this may be anywhere from 1-4 minutes. When the mixture boils, pause the microwave and stir the slime.Cook the microwave another 1-2 minutes. Stir it.Repeat the cooking/stirring cycle a total of 4-5 times, until the slime develops a gelatinous consistency. Carefully remove the slime from the microwave. The container will be very hot!Let the slime cool before you handle it. You can play with it, decorate with it, or even eat it. No matter what color you made your slime, it will glow blue-white under a black light or ultraviolet light. The glow is fluorescence from the quinine in the tonic water.Store your slime in a sealed bowl or plastic bag. If you are just decorating with it, its fine at room temperature, but if you plan on putting the slime in your mouth, its a good idea to refrigerate leftovers. While the slime wont stick to most surfaces, the food coloring will cause it to stain fabrics and skin. Clean up slime with soap and water. Your favorite stain remover will take out the food coloring. Watch a video of this project.

New Technology High Schools Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

New Technology High Schools - Research Paper Example New Tech High Schools provide the students new techniques to acquire education and collaborate with their peers. The inventive form of education proves to be more effective than the conventional methods of teaching. It is due to this reason that the respective concept is gaining fame. Different advantageous aspects of New Tech High Schools shall be discussed in the paper, along with few responses to the negative perception of this concept. 2. New Tech High Schools The 21st century differs from the previous era with respect to the exposure to different technological inventions and facilities of life. The modern youth is more engrossed with technological equipments than the older people in the society. This early exposure has improved their mental capabilities and has induced a greater sense of logical thinking in them. Pearlman stated that despite of their logical and advanced mental capabilities, they seem disinterested in their academic processes of learning. The conventional modes of learning are not effective enough to cater to the demands of the 21st century and the modern youth. It is due to these issues that new modes of teaching and acquiring education have been devised- New Tech High Schools. These learning processes can be termed as an amalgamation of technology and required skills to meet the challenges of the 21st century colleges and workplaces. The concept initiated in 1996 in California; it was introduced due to the frustration of students, business leaders and parents for wanting a better educational standard. The concept has witnessed nothing but success since then. Much development has been witnessed in the state of Indiana; CELL introduced the innovative concept in Indiana and three schools successfully opened in 2007. The learning processes and programs of New Tech High Schools impressed the members of the Indiana society to such a great extent that they embraced the change with open arms. Indiana has become a national leader in the implement ation of New Tech High Schools in different states of US. According to Pearlman; in the early years of the materialization of the idea, few learning outcomes were identified as the main aims of the concept; content standards, collaboration between the students, logical thinking, oral and written communication skills, preparation for college education and professional life, awareness of ethics and social responsibilities and technological awareness. 2.1 Collaborative Learning Processes New Tech High Schools offer collaborative learning and team work that empowers the students to choose their own direction to acquire education. Center of Excellence in Leadership of Learning explained that the layout of a New Tech High School does not resemble the layout of a traditional school, since there are no desks or chairs placed in lines. On the contrary, students work on their computers and learn in a collaborative manner about a diverse range of topics. Large open spaces provide students the opportunity to work together as a team and coordinate their tasks. Collaborative learning provides the students opportunities to learn skills to survive

Information, Information Technology and Information Systems Essay

Information, Information Technology and Information Systems - Essay Example This is true with Integrated Report System Company who’s specialty includes conceptualizing programs that assists sales oriented industries become a market leader. These programs work well with firms that requires vast resources of information to be broken down, analyzed, compare and plotted, useful in establish a strong foundation of judgments. This web based business intelligence software provides a concrete and accurate data collection and analysis that helps small and medium scale industries anticipate/plan their move and realize strategies that could allow them to achieve their goal for their product. The business activities and functions this software supports is basically sales related, a sales interactive reporting designed to fit the needs of Sales reps and mangers, CEOs and CFOs, product or account managers, whereby necessary market information and trend are made available through data collection and banking together with other programs that monitors the movement and turnover of their product. This system also allows the abovementioned individuals a critical view of the business that necessitates well calculated anticipation and aggressive moves. Interactive Reporting system provides state of the art tools for integrated interactive reporting such that makes use of templates which encapsulates pertinent records of transaction history and other raw data that can be inquired upon, and a mapping technology that connects the user to their data source. These tools are set to be modularized and separated from a specific installation which therefore "permits the re-use of logic, the provisioning of the BI integration process by domain experts and the significant reductions in the cost and time required for an enterprise's acquisition of BI capabilities". More specifically, these tools are "highly scalable; flexible in design; easily integrated into any data source; have a unified view with drill-down capability and an 'Out-Of-The-Box Solution' that runs on top of any system leveraging existing IT investments. This software supports Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, MS Access, Informix, MySQL and IBM DB2. It is a web based intranet product that uses data extracted from your data warehouse. It also provides a standardized templates and mappings so you don't need to design sales reports or spreadsheets from scratch. With Integrated Reporting highly critical information pertaining to sales function are easily accessible and comprehended in terms of what products being sold, areas of distribution, means and method of positioning, and most importantly its corresponding figures. With this in hand, reporting and analysis is made easy, while concrete and immediate solutions are readily perceived. This software assumes that there is a preexisting operating system installed as well as a network, as it simply brings you into using existing software in any activity you wish to engage upon, whether creating spreadsheets or report templates. It cam also be patched to the existing accounting system whereby i t allows you to synchronize previous information to present and integrate, differentiate or update them. This software is designed to make things simpler and faster and therefore hassle free. This software is also created upon the assumption that there is basic knowledge in various computer applications, otherwise an orientation is required. In a business that

Environmental Scan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental Scan - Essay Example Their focus for the past few months has been to form strong relationships with their current customers, including car dealerships, repair shops, and the used car market, through strategic marketing and PR platforms. But at the moment they cannot gain customers in the car manufacturing sector as they don’t have the capacity to bring in large orders of the quality demanded by those. The major players all have private negotiations with the larger processing plants or they source them directly through imports. The current financial standing of the business is not enough to ensure profitability or expansion, modification strategies. Variable Cost per month- $ (100*70*20) + 2000 142,000 Average Variable Cost- $ 142,000/6000 23.67 Total revenue per month -$ 32*6000 192,000 The calculations indicate that the firm is not performing enough to generate a steady profit as the revenue is less than the total cost of producing. However, it would not be advisable for the firm to shut down ope rations as the loss being incurred now might well be less than the total fixed costs, which is what the firm would suffer if the management decides to shut down. The revenue per unit received is $32, according to economic rules an â€Å"in the short run, a firm will maximize profit or minimize by producing the output at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost (as long as producing is preferable to shutting down† (McConnel et al., 2008) The firm is producing output at the MC of $30, which is near enough to the marginal revenue of $32 and is following economically sound practices. From the calculation, we can see that the Average variable cost is $23.67, which means that the MR of $32 covers the ATC as well as contributing $8.3 to covering up the fixed costs incurred in the process... As the variable cost of workers is the greatest cost they incur in production, one possible venue is to bring greater automation in the plants along with the implementation of software like ER P or specific manufacturing software to take over the manual jobs in the factory. While the process requires hiring experts as consultants (or creating a new position in the firm) along with the capital requirements for new hardware and software, in the long run, the variable costs will go down and the increase in fixed costs will be offset by greater revenue and profits. Financial formulas can be applied to forecast the expected change in profit and cost structure; including interest expenses from the loans that will be taken or the bonds which will be floated to fund the project. Another way to generate liquid capital can be through making the firm public and floating shares in the market, but the current standing does not indicate that the response will be good and the owners are better off by taking liabilities and keeping control of their business in their hands.

The Role of IMF in providing assistanse to countries to overcome their Assignment

The Role of IMF in providing assistanse to countries to overcome their economic problems - Assignment Example The study aims to explain the procedure based on which IMF contributes towards the development of economic conditions of several countries. Also main functions of the IMF is under consideration. IMF is an international organisation that has been established in the year 1944. The organisation is headquartered in Washington D.C., United States. The organisation has been a significant consideration for developing the global financial condition. After the establishment of IMF, the condition of world economy has dramatically changed. To operate the global financial development, IMF has introduced few improvements in its policies for managing the needs in terms of balance of payment. IMF has been developed with the aim of managing macroeconomic factors and to implement structural policies for every poor, rich and middle-income member nations. In this context, the mission of the organisation has been to monitor and manage economic trend that prevails in the global economy The IMF provides necessary policies, advice and financing to member countries of the organization. IMF is an international organisation that has been dealing with global financial or money market. The function of IMF has been helpful in supporting the member countries of IMF. It enables the availability of resources and develops a fund including general resources for low-income countries. IMF has made a complete contribution towards the development of the global economy. IMF has achieved certain success in providing financial support to the member countries.

Case Study (Skill Analysis) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case Study (Skill Analysis) - Essay Example Sophie Smith is a 44-year-old female who is two days post-operative, following an appendectomy. Sophie works as a real estate agent, weighs 46kgs and 168cm tall. Sophie has a story of rheumatoid arthritis and takes 10mg of prednisone daily and also has an allergy to penicillin. While changing her dressing you notice a thick yellow discharge oozing from the wound. Wound management following an appendectomy is essential for the complete recovery of Sophie. A comprehensive assessment of the present state of the wound is necessary as well as the stage of healing. Thus, it is important to obtain information from the client about factors that may affect wound healing. Consent is necessary so that nursing procedures can be carried out and prioritized according to the patient’s needs. The nurse’s role in wound management is critical not only to wound management but to maintenance of aseptic technique while doing nursing care. Identify and discuss the importance of obtaining inf ormation during a nursing admission in relation to post-operative assessment.The process of obtaining and communicating information during a nursing admission also refers to the nursing assessment and these can be obtained from the client, significant others, health team members, and client’s medical records (Funnell, Koutoukidis& Lawrence, 2009, p. 229). Obtaining information during a nursing admission is important in identifying areas needing nursing interventions. Obtained information may either be subjective or objective and includes nursing history, physical examination and observation, and laboratory and diagnostic tests. Applying Sophie’s case, obtaining information during a nursing admission requires explanation of the purpose and rationale for gathering information. Sophie must also be put in a quiet and private place for ease of patient during personal information gathering. Information such as medical diagnosis, previous admission to the hospital, clientâ₠¬â„¢s perception of condition, allergies, social data, activities of daily living, habits, and use of prosthesis are necessary because obtaining these information during a nursing admission will adjust the plan of care related to post-operative treatment. For instance, Sophie has a history of rheumatoid arthritis, takes 10mg of prednisone daily and has allergy to penicillin.These information has relevance to post-operative treatment as rheumatoid arthritis impairs healing, can cause deformities, and increase pressure on the soft tissues leading to increased risk of skin breakdown. Prednisone is a corticosteroid which also delayed healing by interrupting cellular division (Guo and DiPietro, 2010, p. 219). Sophie has allergy to penicillin and its significance include not giving Sophie penicillin to avoid allergic reactions and tests other antibiotics that will not produce allergic response because antibiotics are essential for wound healing and combatting infection. Identify and discu ss the nurse's role in consent procedures for patients undergoing a procedure involving general anesthesia.Surgical and invasive procedures involving administration of general anesthesia requires written consent. Nurses play a major role during consent procedures. Nurses provide the needed information of the individual and make sure that it is well-understood prior to administration of

Drama Comparison Essay Example for Free

Drama Comparison Essay I am going to compare the scenes in which we have studied for She Stoops to Conquer and Guys and Dolls, I am going to discuss the similarities and differences between the two chosen sections. The sections that I am going to discuss are Act 1 scene 2 in Guys and Dolls, and In She Stoops to Conquer the section between Marlow and Miss Hardcastle as a maid. The time period that Guys and Dolls by Damon Runyon is set is in the 1950s, New York, this is shown through the accents of the characters on stage and also through costumes. In this scene Sky would be wearing a full suit and Sarah would be wearing an old Salvation Army suit. This is vastly different then She Stoops to conquer by Oliver Goldsmith, which is set in the 18th century, in the English countryside. The period is conveyed through costume, Marlow would be wearing breeches, and a cravat, a short jacket with a tail underneath wearing a colourful waistcoat the men would have long hair tied back with a ribbon. Miss Hardcastle would be wearing a maids outfit in this section; this would be a long brown dress with long sleeves and a square neck front and would also be wearing a white apron. They also convey this through language, which is Shakespearian. Another difference between them is that Guys and Dolls is a Musical and She Stoops to conquer is a restoration comedy. There are some major similarities between these two sections one of these is that its between a guy and a girl, and in both the guys are going for the girls. Even though this is a major similarity the woman react in different ways. In She Stoops to conquer Miss Hardcastle is playing hard to get so actually does like Marlow but does not want him to take her to bed, whereas Sarah just does not like Sky and does not want to talk to him. Both of the girls reactions are similar in the way that they are both rude and talk back to the men, both woman are supposed to come through as being innocent. Another similarity is that it is both dramatic irony this is because in She Stoops everyone knows that the maid is actually Miss Hardcastle, and in Guys and Dolls everyone in the audience knows that Sarah and Sky are going to fall in love. The guys in both performances are bold, Sky asks Sarah to go to Havana with him and Marlow implies to Miss Hardcastle that he wants to go to bed with her. Both plays are also deceiving this is because Miss Hardcastle is pretending to be a maid to Marlow, and in Guys and Dolls Sky is only talking to Sarah because he has bet that he can take her to Havana. A difference between them is movement, in She Stoops to conquer the movements are very over exaggerated this is because at the time it was the fashion in theatre to do this, the audience would find these movements amusing and made the story easier to follow. In Guys and Dolls the movements are much more naturalistic in this scene and this also helps to convey the period. An example of over exaggerating in She Stoops is that when she meets Marlow for the first time she would do a big curtsy, but over the top this would be amusing for the audience because they would be able to see that she was trying too hard to act like a maid. A similarity between them too is that they both use the whole stage this is because in She Stoops the large movements make the actors use more space and in Guys and Dolls the actors use a lot of space because Sarah is almost trying to get away from Sky. The status of the characters is different, in She Stoops Marlow thinks that he has the higher status but Miss Hardcastle actually does I would show this by Marlow sitting down for quite a lot of it, showing he has a lower level. In Guys and Dolls the status changes at the start Sarah has the highest status but when she says Isaiah the status changes and Sky then has the higher status. The set is different in both sections because of the different periods and the contexts. In She Stoops I would set it out as in a small area I would use a similar idea as what I saw in the production Othello were the walls fluctuated according to the mood of the play. I think that this should be a very small space this would show intimacy towards the two characters. The furniture should be set out as rich 18th century home e.g. a chez lounge chair in deep red and oak tables. In Guys and Dolls I would have this in a big space this would show the emptiness of the room and also reflect how far Sky and Sarah were away from each other in class. The design of the room would be that with 10 rows of chairs and 5 seats horizontally across the front. The use of Lighting would be very different this is because in She Stoops it is older so the light would be in sepia, or the light dimmed like it was candlelight, this would convey the period and show that it was old. In Guys and Dolls the lights would be bright at colourful to show that it was exciting and have a happy mood. The Music in Guys and Dolls is similar in the way that it tells a part of the story, in She Stoops when we acted out when the music came on we would do movement to what would be happening next. The emotional impact of She Stoops is that the audience find it very amusing and there is tension because the audience do not know weather Miss Hardcastle will pull it off. In Guys and Dolls the audience find it funny because Sky is so persistent and will not take no for an answer this is similar because for both the audiences reaction should be to find it funny. In Conclusion I think that they are very similar and different in lots of ways they both have similar ideas about a boy trying to get a girl, but the way in which the girls react is different. The way in which I would set out each of the sections would be completely different because of the time period and the intensity of the characters. Overall they both use different techniques to show that they are different e.g. making gestures big.

Online Shopping Software Systems Information Technology Essay

Online Shopping Software Systems Information Technology Essay Nowadays everyone is busy with their works; they dont have much time to do shopping in the (busy) big super markets. In the stores we have to search in the each shelf to find our product so it takes more time and no guarantee of every product available in every store. Moreover, weather conditions are too bad so we cannot get our required products. Payment is also a big problem because we should stand in the queue for payment. Stores are not always opened (24/7). Why It Has Come: To solve above mentioned problems, we can use Online Shopping method.   For customers it is not only because of the high level of convenience, but also because of the broader selection; competitive pricing and greater access to information.  For organizations it increases their customer value and the building of sustainable capabilities, next to the increased profits. One advantage of shopping online is being able to quickly seek out deals for items or services with many different vendors (though some  local search engines do exist to help consumers locate products for sale in nearby stores). Search engines, online  price comparison services  and  discovery shopping  engines can be used to look up sellers of a particular product or service. A majority of consumers choose online shopping for a faster and more efficient shopping experience. Many researchers notify that the uniqueness of the web has dissolved and the need for the design, which will be user centered, is very important.  Companies should always remember that there are certain things, such as understanding the customers wants and needs, living up to promises, never go out of style, because they give reason to come back. Online stores must describe products for sale with text, photos, and multimedia files, whereas in a physical retail store, the actual product and the manufacturers packaging will be available for direct inspection (which might involve a test drive, fitting, or other experimentation). Some online stores provide or link to supplemental product information, such as instructions, safety procedures, demonstrations, or manufacturer specifications. Some provide background information, advice, or how-to guides designed to help consumers decide which product to buy. Some stores even allow customers to comment or rate their items Current Project Requirement: Responsibilities/ Current Position: We are responsible to create an Online Shopping Software System for our client Metro Super Stores. The main idea of online  shopping  is not just in having a good looking  website  that could be listed in a lot of search engines or the art behind the site.  Its not only just about disseminating information, because it is also about building relationships and making money.   Organizations that want to keep their customers or gain new ones should try to get rid of all mistakes and be more appealing to be more desirable for online shoppers. 2. Project Objectives The main objective behind the project is to enable Metro superstore to expand their business by enabling customers to buy their products online via a safe and secured online payment method. This will help Metro superstore to attract more customers and increase their market. Also, Metro superstore will be able to make it efficient and convenient for its customers to purchase products and review them. Customers can avail numerous offers on products online and make their payment with the click of a button. Times are changing and it is becoming increasingly difficult for customers to find time to visit a shopping mall and go through a wide range of products. The online shopping cart system will make it easier for the customer to browse through this wide range of products and also compare them with similar products in the market. The project will also aim at receiving and then analyzing the feedback obtained from the customers to help maintain or uplift the quality of products and to buil d a better service for the customers. Metro superstore will aim to thus gain market monopoly and attract a wider range of customers. It will also enable Metro superstore to build a relationship with international customers from around the world. The project aims at bridging the gap between Metro superstore and its customers. Customers will be able to purchase their desired products online from the comfort of their homes without having to go through the trouble of visiting the store physically. The customers will be able to create their account, browse through the products and add them to their virtual shopping cart. They can then check out having the options to pay online via safe and secured online transaction or pay as cash on delivery of the products. An additional objective of this project is to make Metro super-stores products available to customers 247 online. The online website will also contain all the products instructions, safety procedures, demonstrations, or manufacturer specifications and how-to guides. Customers will be able to post reviews after they have used the product which will enable other potential buyers to make decisions. Thus, the most crucial objective of this project is users convenience. 3. Project Scope 3.1 Project Brief The project involves eight technical people working together, including a project manager. This Project has been handled by eight members and it is a big project, which is modularized into small parts and assigned to each member of the project. Moreover because of this, the project has been managed very well by the project manager. We are going to work for four months to develop an online-shopping for existing super stores called METRO. The main aim of the project is to deliver the software for online shopping with in the elapsed time. Metro initially contacted our software solutions with their requirements and their need in having a website for their superstore. The website should give the information about the products and can facilitate the online shopping. The basic requirements of the website has been clearly mentioned by them so, that no future faults or misunderstandings. They also showed us the survey they conducted in the store from their customers. This survey proves that superstore needs an online shopping facility to their customers. It also states online shopping is the only alternative method to help customers in busy queues, parking area, shopping time and extra range of products available only in online. Based on the above things we agreed to make a website for the metro super stores. 3.2 Project Approach Deliverables: This project delivers a user-friendly software (or) flat form for online shopping to the METRO superstore. The software provides a website having all the facilities for the customers starting from price enquiries, offers, availability of stock, quality, store details, contacts and ordering the goods. 3.3 Exclusions. Every project has its boundaries and it can only delivers outcomes and specifications within that boundary. The exclusions in our project are delivery department, managing the software after term time (6 months) and further upgrading (or) developing new products. Delivery department: Delivering the goods in time and enquiries about the delivery will not be supported by the project team. All the shipping and delivery process is being deal by the super store. Managing the software after term time: The project team will not be dealing with the software term time. Though it gives an assurance of guarantee for lifelong but managing the website is wholly controlled by the superstore management. We will be taking care of the site for the term time which is 6 months duration. In this period we will be teaching and sorting out any minor problems for the super store staff. Upgrading the software: Upgrading the software and developing the new products is personally responsible by the superstore. The lightening software solutions will not be supporting any further upgrades for the website as a commitment of this project. The above products have been clearly mentioned that they will not include as a part in the project and which is solely agreed by the management of the super store. 4. Project Deliverables The products of the project will be: Management Quality: M1 Project Brief M2 Project Initiation Document M3 Highlight Reports M4 End of Project Report Business: B1 Communications plan B2 Questionnaire (to support information gathering ensure consistency) B3 Report for Project Board on current requirements/arrangements, and areas identified for further investigation/potential change B4 Report for Executive Board with recommendations for change B5 Implementation proposals Actual Product of the project: An user-friendly Online Shopping Software System The major deliverables are broken down in the project plan into smaller deliverables and activities.   User documentation User training 5. Project Organization 5.1 Project Board Project Sponsor: Metro Super stores Senior Responsible Owner: Vishal Sharma Project Management Board: Johnson- Executive Srikanth Nair Rohit Singh Suresh Peter Sundar Raghavan 5.2 Project Team Project Manager: Prasnnaa Nachimuthu Project Team Members: Abid Ali Baig Hari Vommi Kalyan Kondapally Mahitha Kolli Rakesh Thatiparthy Ronak Muchhala Vijay Chekuri 5.3 The Project Organization Structure Communication and Engagement team Policy Team Technical and procurement team Legal Team Project Board Project Manager Prasnnaa Nachimuthu Project SRO Vishal Sharma 5.4 Roles and Responsibilities Project Board: Approve Project Initiation Document, component plans and any subsequent changes Ensure the business case remains sound throughout the project Provide direction and determine priorities Commit resources and resolve conflicts Approve initiation and completion of stages Responsibility for quality of deliverables/end-products Senior Responsible Officer: Responsible for ensuring that the project meets its objectives and delivers the projected benefits Owner of the business changes, which will flow from the projects recommendations. Project Manager: Responsible for providing support to Project Board and Team, monitoring progress and resource usage, maintaining project plan, establishing and operating arrangements for document version control, establishing and operating arrangements for handling project issues, and maintaining the Quality Log. Project Team Members: The Project Team, together with the Project Manager, will be responsible for researching and developing the business products of the project To provide skills across work packages as required 6. Communication Plan Communication Purpose Audience Author Mode Of Communication Frequency Monthly status report to project sponsor To keep project sponsor informed of the projects progress and key upcoming activities Project sponsor Executive Committee Project Manager Email Posting on project website Video conference Monthly Weekly schedule metrics Monitor and report progress on scheduled tasks. Troubleshoot problem areas and solve issues as appropriate. Project management Others, as appropriate Project Manager Email Posting on website Group meetings Weekly Project team calendar Keep project participants aware of key project dates and to help them manage their schedules. Maintain training calendars. Project management team Project Coordinator Post in project folders in Intranet Daily 7. Quality Plan The Software Product must includes the following qualities Good enough product: The product is good enough which enables the Metro Super store to solve all critical problems which they encountered. The product should able to solve 70 to 80 % of the most common customer needs. Cost: The cost of the software product is reasonable that comes under the budget of the client and meets the quality and standards which the client expects. Easy to implement: The product is simple enough which makes Metro Super store to implement it easily without facing any problem. The product can be installed in several minutes instead of taking hours for installation. Association of steady users: Staff of Metro Super store contributes their time to test our product, report about the error if they find any, request us for new features and develop new product functionality. Standard Technology: The product should utilize the technologies which are widely in use such as Java, AJAX. Upgrades: The product will be updated time to time which encourage the clients ton use our product more often and in an interactive manner. Scalability: The product has the ability to handle the large amount of work. It can help to increase the work. Correctness: It indicates the correctness of algorithm which the product includes. Deficiency of bugs: The product does not include any bug and produce the accurate result or output to the client. Fault Tolerance: Continue to operate properly even if some of its component does not work. Extensibility: Ability to extend the work. Extension can be done in 2 ways Modifying the existing functionality. Adding new functionality to the existing functionality. Maintainability: It refers to the maintenance of the product in order to Correct the defects. Meeting the new requirements. Endure related to the change in Environment Responsible for the Quality of the product: Project Manager is responsible for the quality of the product. He must make sure that the product meets all requirements which are specified by the client and the standards are met. Acceptance Criteria: Project Manager is responsible in identifying the acceptance criteria. Acceptance is defined as acquiring the acknowledgement from the client that the product which is delivered to them meets all the requirements according to their specification. Milestones List the project milestones and deliverables for which customer acceptance will be sought: Milestone Deliverable Name Description Name Description Online Shopping Software System Implementing the project management software package on new hardware .Providing access to the internet Software Package installed Implementation of General Ledger (GL), Accounts Payable (AP) and Accounts Receivable (AR) software Acceptance Milestones Table: Criteria Identify the criteria and standards to be met to achieve final customer acceptance for each deliverable. Deliverable Criteria Standards Software Package installed System functionality: · GL tested installed · AP tested installed · AR tested installed System Performance : System up-time · System response-time · Data transferred System functionality: · GL operational with no errors · AP operational with no errors · AR operational with no errors System Performance : 99.9% system uptime · Acceptance Criteria Table 8. Project Plan Number Tasks Resource Start Date End Date Duration Milestone 1 Initiation Everyone 06/09/2010 25/09/2010 20 days 1.1 Collect project ideas Prasnnaa 06/09/2010 07/09/2010 2 days 1.2 Prioritize project ideas Prasnnaa 08/09/2010 09/09/2010 2 days 1.3 Gather customer requirements Prasnnaa 10/09/2010 10/09/2010 1 day 1.4 Submit the request and get approval for the proposal Prasnnaa 11/09/2010 13/09/2010 3 days Yes 1.5 Prepare the requirement document Rakesh 13/09/2010 18/09/2010 6 days 1.6 Meeting for project kickoff Everyone 19/09/2010 21/09/2010 2 days 1.7 Outline project plan Rakesh 22/09/2010 23/09/2010 2 days 1.8 Assign resources to project plan tasks Prasnnaa 24/09/2010 25/09/2010 2 days 2 Analysis Kalyan, Mahitha 26/09/2010 05/10/2010 10 days 2.1 Create entity relationship diagram Kalyan 26/09/2010 28/09/2010 3 days 2.2 Create Data Flow Diagram Mahitha 29/09/2010 30/09/2010 2 days 2.3 Define data dictionary Kalyan 01/10/2010 02/10/2010 2 days 2.4 Perform object-oriented analysis Mahitha 03/10/2010 05/10/2010 3 days 3 Design Rakesh, Vijay, Hari 06/10/2010 27/10/2010 22 days 3.1 Design data model Rakesh 06/10/2010 09/10/2010 4 days 3.2 Write functional specifications Vijay 10/10/2010 11/10/2010 2 days 3.3 Design storyboards and/or prototypes Rakesh, Vijay 12/10/2010 12/10/2010 1 day 3.4 Write detailed design specifications Rakesh, Vijay 13/10/2010 15/10/2010 3 days 3.5 Write documentation plan Vijay 16/10/2010 17/10/2010 2 days 3.6 Write beta test plan Hari 18/10/2010 19/10/2010 2 days 3.7 Write SQA test plan Hari 20/10/2010 20/10/2010 1 day 3.8 Write SQA test cases Hari 21/10/2010 21/10/2010 1 day 3.9 Write customer support plan Rakesh 22/10/2010 23/10/2010 2 days 3.10 Write training plan Hari 24/10/2010 25/10/2010 2 days 3.11 Write risk management plan Vijay 26/10/2010 27/10/2010 2 days 4 Development Ronak, Ali 28/10/2010 26/11/2010 30 days 4.1 Code application components Ronak 28/10/2010 06/11/2010 10 days 4.2 Unit test Ali 07/11/2010 10/11/2010 4 days 4.3 Integration test Ali 11/11/2010 14/11/2010 4 days 4.4 Write documentation Ronak, Ali 15/11/2010 21/11/2010 7 days 4.5 Write training courseware Ronak 22/11/2010 26/11/2010 5 days 5 Software Quality Assurance (SQA) Hari, Ali 27/11/2010 11/12/2010 15 days 5.1 System test Hari 27/11/2010 01/12/2010 5 days 5.2 Track defects Ali 02/12/2010 05/12/2010 4 days 5.3 Regression test Hari, Ali 06/12/2010 11/12/2010 6 days 6 Manage Release and Change Prasnnaa, Ronak 12/12/2010 16/12/2010 5 days 6.1 Configuration management Prasnnaa 12/12/2010 13/12/2010 2 days 6.2 New full releases Ronak 14/12/2010 14/12/2010 1 day 6.3 Maintenance releases Ronak 15/12/2010 15/12/2010 1 day 6.4 Defect and enhancement tracking Prasnnaa 16/12/2010 16/12/2010 1 day 7 Implementation Everyone 17/12/2010 05/01/2011 20 days 7.1 Implement the website in beta test system Ali, Rakesh 17/12/2010 18/12/2010 2 days 7.2 Conduct beta tests Hari 19/12/2010 20/12/2010 2 days 7.3 Track defects and report to customer support Ronak, Vijay 21/12/2010 21/12/2010 1 day 7.4 Gather requirements for customizations Prasnnaa 22/12/2010 23/12/2010 2 days 7.5 Analysis (gap between customizations) Mahitha 24/12/2010 25/12/2010 2 days 7.6 Design Kalyan 26/12/2010 27/12/2010 2 days 7.7 Implement the customized website Ali 28/12/2010 28/12/2010 1 day 7.8 Unit test adaptations Rakesh 29/12/2010 30/12/2010 2 days 7.9 Integration test (Implementation) Hari 31/12/2010 01/01/2011 2 days 7.10 Execute customer acceptance test procedure Kalyan 02/01/2011 03/01/2011 2 days 7.11 Cutover testing to production Everyone 04/01/2011 05/01/2011 2 days Yes

Apollo 13 (as-508): Houston, We Have A Problem. :: essays research papers

Apollo 13 (AS-508): Houston, we have a problem. The Apollo 13 mission was launched at 2:13 p.m. EST, April 11, 1970 from launch complex 39A at Kennedy Space Center. The space vehicle crew consisted of James A. Lovell, Jr. commander, John L. Swigert, Jr., command module pilot and Fred W. Haise, Jr. lunar module pilot. The Apollo 13 Mission was planned as a lunar landing mission but was aborted en route to the moon after about 56 hours of flight due to loss of service module cryogenic oxygen and consequent loss of capability to generate electrical power, to provide oxygen and to produce water. Spacecraft systems performance was nominal until the fans in cryogenic oxygen tank 2 were turned on at 55:53:18 ground elapsed time (GET). About 2 seconds after energizing the fan circuit, a short was indicated in the current from fuel cell 3, which was supplying power to cryogenic oxygen tank 2 fans. Within several additional seconds, two other shorted conditions occurred. Electrical shorts in the fan circuit ignited the wire insulation, causing temperature and pressure to increase within cryogenic oxygen tank 2. When pressure reached the cryogenic oxygen tank 2 relief valve full-flow conditions of 1008 psi, the pressure began decreasing for about 9 seconds, at which time the relief valve probably reseated, causing the pressure to rise again momentarily. About a quarter of a second later, a vibration disturbance was noted on the command module accelerometers. The next series of events occurred within a fraction of a second between the accelerometer disturbances and the data loss. A tank line burst, because of heat, in the vacuum jacket pressurizing the annulus and, in turn, causing the blow-out plug on the vacuum jacket to rupture. Some mechanism in bay 4 combined with the oxygen buildup in that bay to cause a rapid pressure rise which resulted in separation of the outer panel. The panel struck one of the dishes of the high-gain antenna. The panel separation shock closed the fuel cell 1 and 3 oxygen reactant shut-off valves and several propellant and helium isolation valves in the reaction control system. Data were lost for about 1.8 seconds as the high-gain antenna switched from narrow beam to wide beam, because of the antenna being hit and damaged. As a result of these occurrences, the CM was powered down and the LM was configured to supply the necessary power and other consumables. The CSM was powered down at approximately 58:40 GET. The surge tank and repressurization package were isolated with approximately 860 psi residual pressure (approx. 6.5 lbs of oxygen total). The primary water glycol system was